Cell structure and function mcqs Chapter 3

 

What is the basic unit of life?

A. Atom

B. Molecule

C. Cell

D. Tissue

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

A. To regulate the exchange of substances between the cell and its environment

B. To provide support and shape to the cell

C. To store and release energy for the cell

D. To control the movement of substances within the cell

What is the fluid inside the cell called?

A. Cell wall

B. Cytoplasm

C. Nucleus

D. Mitochondria

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

A. To produce energy

B. To store genetic material

C. To synthesize proteins

D. To transport substances across the cell membrane

What is the main function of the mitochondria?

A. To produce energy

B. To store genetic material

C. To synthesize proteins

D. To transport substances across the cell membrane

What is the main function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

A. To produce energy

B. To store genetic material

C. To synthesize proteins

D. To transport substances within the cell

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

A. To produce energy

B. To store genetic material

C. To modify, sort and package proteins for export from the cell

D. To transport substances within the cell

What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

A. To break down waste materials and cellular debris

B. To produce energy

C. To store genetic material

D. To synthesize proteins

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

A. To produce energy

B. To store and control the expression of genetic material

C. To synthesize proteins

D. To transport substances across the cell membrane

What is the main function of the cytoplasm in a cell?

A. To store genetic material

B. To support the organelles and provide a medium for metabolic reactions

C. To synthesize proteins

D. To transport substances across the cell membrane

What type of cell is the smallest and simplest in structure?

A. Plant cell

B. Animal cell

C. Bacterial cell

D. Prokaryotic cell

What type of cell has a cell wall and chloroplasts?

A. Plant cell

B. Animal cell

C. Bacterial cell

D. Fungal cell

What type of cell lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?

A. Plant cell

B. Animal cell

C. Prokaryotic cell

D. Eukaryotic cell

What is the main function of the cell wall in plant cells?

A. To regulate the exchange of substances between the cell and its environment

B. To provide support and shape to the cell

C. To store and release energy for the cell

D. To control the movement of substances within the cell

What is the function of cilia and flagella in animal cells?

A. To produce energy

B. To store genetic material

C. To provide motility and movement for the cell

D. To synthesize proteins

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes in terms of size and composition?

A) Prokaryotic ribosomes are larger and have more proteins than eukaryotic ribosomes

B) Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller and have fewer proteins than eukaryotic ribosomes

C) Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes are the same size and have similar compositions

D) Prokaryotic ribosomes are larger and have fewer proteins than eukaryotic ribosomes

Answer: B) Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller and have fewer proteins than eukaryotic ribosomes

How do mutations in ribosomal proteins affect cellular processes?

A) They have no effect on cellular processes

B) They increase the efficiency of protein synthesis

C) They lead to decreased efficiency of protein synthesis and can cause diseases

D) They enhance the degradation of proteins

Answer: C) They lead to decreased efficiency of protein synthesis and can cause diseases

What is the significance of ribosomes as targets for antibiotics?

A) They are not significant targets for antibiotics

B) They are essential for bacteria to survive, making them attractive targets for antibiotics

C) They are not essential for bacteria to survive, making them poor targets for antibiotics

D) They are insignificant targets for antibiotics because bacteria can easily develop resistance to antibiotics that target ribosomes.

Answer: B) They are essential for bacteria to survive, making them attractive targets for antibiotics

What is the main function of the centrosome in animal cells?

A. To regulate the exchange of substances between the cell and its environment

B.

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

a) Chloroplast

b) Nucleus

c) Mitochondria

d) Vacuole

What type of substances can lysosomes break down?

a) Proteins

b) Lipids

c) Carbohydrates

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Where are lysosomes formed in the cell?

a) Nucleus

b) Mitochondria

c) Golgi apparatus

d) Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: d) Endoplasmic reticulum

What type of cells are most likely to have larger lysosomes?

a) Plant cells

b) Animal cells

c) Both plant and animal cells

d) None of the above

Answer: b) Animal cells

What happens when lysosomes are unable to break down a certain substance?

a) The substance builds up and can become toxic to the cell

b) The substance is transported out of the cell

c) The substance is stored in the nucleus

d) The substance is transformed into energy

Answer: a) The substance builds up and can become toxic to the cell

What is the process by which lysosomes transfer their contents to the outside of the cell called?

a) Autophagy

b) Endocytosis

c) Exocytosis

d) Mitosis

Answer: a) Autophagy

What is the main function of chloroplasts in a plant cell?

A) Energy production through photosynthesis

B) Cell division

C) Transport of nutrients

D) Waste removal

Which pigment is present in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy during photosynthesis?

A) Chlorophyll

B) Carotene

C) Phycobilin

D) Xanthophyll

In which layer of the chloroplast is the thylakoid located?

A) Stroma

B) Outer membrane

C) Inner membrane

D) Periplasmic space

What is the source of energy used in photosynthesis in chloroplasts?

A) Sunlight

B) Glucose

C) Oxygen

D) Carbon dioxide

Which molecule is produced as a result of photosynthesis in chloroplasts?

A) Glucose

B) Oxygen

C) Carbon dioxide

D) Water

What is the main role of the chloroplast in the photosynthetic process?

A) Absorption of light energy

B) Conversion of carbon dioxide into glucose

C) Release of oxygen

D) Transport of sugars

What is the main difference between chloroplasts and mitochondria in a cell?

A) Chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis while mitochondria are involved in cellular respiration

B) Chloroplasts are only found in plant cells while mitochondria are found in all cells

C) Chloroplasts have a double membrane while mitochondria have a single membrane

D) Chloroplasts produce glucose while mitochondria produce ATP

What is the name of the structure within chloroplasts where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur?

A) Stroma

B) Granum

C) Thylakoid

D) Cristae

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chloroplasts?

A) Prokaryotic chloroplasts are smaller than eukaryotic chloroplasts

B) Prokaryotic chloroplasts have a different pigment for light absorption

C) Prokaryotic chloroplasts are found in bacteria while eukaryotic chloroplasts are found in plants

D) Prokaryotic chloroplasts are not capable of photosynthesis

What is the relationship between chloroplasts and chlorophyll?

A) Chlorophyll is the only pigment present in chloroplasts

B) Chlorophyll is found in all organelles in a cell

C) Chlorophyll is not directly involved in photosynthesis

D) Chlorophyll is essential for the function of chloroplasts in photosynthesis