Chemical coordination - chemical nature of hormones
1. Peptide and protein hormones are composed of chains of:
a) Nucleotides
b) Amino acids
c) Lipids
d) Sugars
2. Which hormone is an example of a short-chain amino acid hormone?
a) Growth hormone
b) Insulin
c) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
d) Thyroid hormone
3. Hormones derived from tyrosine are known as:
a) Steroid hormones
b) Peptide hormones
c) Biogenic amines
d) Lipophilic hormones
4. Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the:
a) Adrenal medulla
b) Thyroid gland
c) Pineal gland
d) Pancreas
5. Steroid hormones are derived from:
a) Amino acids
b) Cholesterol
c) Nucleotides
d) Glycogen
6. Hormones must be sufficiently complex to convey regulatory information to their target cells and:
a) Highly volatile
b) Rapidly degradable
c) Adequately stable
d) Water-soluble
7. The specificity of hormone action is determined by:
a) Blood pH
b) Temperature
c) Receptors on target cells
d) Hormone concentration in the blood
8. Hydrophilic hormones cannot cross the cell membrane, so they interact with:
a) DNA
b) Enzymes
c) Ribosomes
d) Receptors on the cell membrane
9. Which of the following is a second messenger commonly used by hydrophilic hormones?
a) DNA
b) ATP
c) cAMP
d) RNA
10. Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones alter the activity of genes by binding to:
a) Protein receptors in the cytoplasm
b) DNA
c) Ribosomes
d) Cell membrane receptors
11. Which type of hormone triggers rapid, short-term responses by binding to surface receptors?
a) Steroid hormones
b) Peptide and protein hormones
c) Amino acid derivative hormones
d) Lipophilic hormones
12. The hormone-activated enzyme catalyzes the conversion of ATP to:
a) cAMP
b) DNA
c) RNA
d) Proteins
13. Which hormone category includes epinephrine and norepinephrine?
a) Peptide and protein hormones
b) Amino acid derivative hormones
c) Steroid hormones
d) Lipophilic hormones
14. The messenger RNA directs the synthesis of new proteins in the:
a) Nucleus
b) Cytoplasm
c) Cell membrane
d) Mitochondria
15. Hormones secreted by glands are transported in the:
a) Nervous system
b) Bloodstream
c) Lymphatic system
d) Digestive system
16. Which hormone category includes insulin?
a) Amino acid derivative hormones
b) Steroid hormones
c) Peptide and protein hormones
d) Lipophilic hormones
17. Hormones must be adequately stable to resist destruction prior to reaching their:
a) Secretory cells
b) Synaptic clefts
c) Target cells
d) Receptors
18. Steroid hormones are able to diffuse into the cell membrane because they are:
a) Hydrophilic
b) Water-soluble
c) Lipophilic
d) Charged
19. Which of the following is a characteristic of peptide and protein hormones?
a) They alter gene expression
b) They are lipid-soluble
c) They cannot cross the cell membrane
d) They bind to receptors inside the cell
20. Which hormone is derived from tyrosine and secreted by the adrenal medulla?
a) Melatonin
b) Thyroid hormone
c) Epinephrine
d) Insulin
21. The receptors for hormones can be found in two general locations on target cells, which are:
a) Nucleus and ribosomes
b) Cytoplasm and Golgi apparatus
c) Cell membrane and cytoplasm
d) Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum
22. Which hormone category includes aldosterone?
a) Peptide and protein hormones
b) Amino acid derivative hormones
c) Steroid hormones
d) Lipophilic hormones
23. What is the primary messenger used by hydrophilic hormones?
a) ATP
b) cAMP
c) DNA
d) RNA
24. The specificity of hormone action is determined by:
a) Hormone concentration
b) Receptors on target cells
c) Blood pressure
d) Temperature
25. Which hormone category includes growth hormone?
a) Amino acid derivative hormones
b) Steroid hormones
c) Peptide and protein hormones
d) Lipophilic hormones
26. Hydrophilic hormones react with protein receptors protruding from the:
a) Cytoplasm
b) Nucleus
c) Cell membrane
d) Mitochondria
27. Which hormone category includes testosterone?
a) Peptide and protein hormones
b) Amino acid derivative hormones
c) Steroid hormones
d) Lipophilic hormones
28. The hormone-activated enzyme catalyzes the conversion of ATP to:
a) DNA
b) cAMP
c) RNA
d) Proteins
29. Which hormone category includes insulin?
a) Amino acid derivative hormones
b) Steroid hormones
c) Peptide and protein hormones
d) Lipophilic hormones
30. Hormones must be adequately stable to resist destruction prior to reaching their:
a) Secretory cells
b) Synaptic clefts
c) Target cells
d) Receptors
31. Steroid hormones are able to diffuse into the cell membrane because they are:
a) Hydrophilic
b) Water-soluble
c) Lipophilic
d) Charged
32. Which of the following is a characteristic of peptide and protein hormones?
a) They alter gene expression
b) They are lipid-soluble
c) They cannot cross the cell membrane
d) They bind to receptors inside the cell
33. Which hormone is derived from tyrosine and secreted by the adrenal medulla?
a) Melatonin
b) Thyroid hormone
c) Epinephrine
d) Insulin
34. The receptors for hormones can be found in two general locations on target cells, which are:
a) Nucleus and ribosomes
b) Cytoplasm and Golgi apparatus
c) Cell membrane and cytoplasm
d) Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum
35. Which hormone category includes aldosterone?
a) Peptide and protein hormones
b) Amino acid derivative hormones
c) Steroid hormones
d) Lipophilic hormones
36. What is the primary messenger used by hydrophilic hormones?
a) ATP
b) cAMP
c) DNA
d) RNA
37. The specificity of hormone action is determined by:
a) Hormone concentration
b) Receptors on target cells
c) Blood pressure
d) Temperature
38. Which hormone category includes growth hormone?
a) Amino acid derivative hormones
b) Steroid hormones
c) Peptide and protein hormones
d) Lipophilic hormones
39. Hydrophilic hormones react with protein receptors protruding from the:
a) Cytoplasm
b) Nucleus
c) Cell membrane
d) Mitochondria
40. Which hormone category includes testosterone?
a) Peptide and protein hormones
b) Amino acid derivative hormones
c) Steroid hormones
d) Lipophilic hormones
41. The hormone-activated enzyme catalyzes the conversion of ATP to:
a) DNA
b) cAMP
c) RNA
d) Proteins
42. Which hormone category includes insulin?
a) Amino acid derivative hormones
b) Steroid hormones
c) Peptide and protein hormones
d) Lipophilic hormones
43. Hormones must be adequately stable to resist destruction prior to reaching their:
a) Secretory cells
b) Synaptic clefts
c) Target cells
d) Receptors
44. Steroid hormones are able to diffuse into the cell membrane because they are:
a) Hydrophilic
b) Water-soluble
c) Lipophilic
d) Charged
45. Which of the following is a characteristic of peptide and protein hormones?
a) They alter gene expression
b) They are lipid-soluble
c) They cannot cross the cell membrane
d) They bind to receptors inside the cell
46. Which hormone is derived from tyrosine and secreted by the adrenal medulla?
a) Melatonin
b) Thyroid hormone
c) Epinephrine
d) Insulin
47. The receptors for hormones can be found in two general locations on target cells, which are:
a) Nucleus and ribosomes
b) Cytoplasm and Golgi apparatus
c) Cell membrane and cytoplasm
d) Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum
48. Which hormone category includes cortisol?
a) Peptide and protein hormones
b) Amino acid derivative hormones
c) Steroid hormones
d) Lipophilic hormones
49. What is the second messenger often activated by hydrophilic hormones?
a) DNA
b) cAMP
c) ATP
d) RNA
50. Steroid hormones bind to receptors inside the cell, typically in the:
a) Nucleus
b) Ribosomes
c) Cell membrane
d) Cytoplasm
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