Biodiversity and classification class 11 biology Punjab board new book Mcqs

Section 1: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya & Protists

Which of the following characteristics differentiates Archaea from Bacteria and Eukarya at the molecular level?
A. Presence of peptidoglycan in cell wall
B. Presence of linear chromosomes
C. Branched membrane lipids with ether linkages
D. Presence of histones in the cytoplasm
Answer: C
Which statement best explains the evolutionary relationship between Archaea and Eukarya?
A. Both evolved independently from Bacteria
B. Archaea evolved from Eukarya
C. Eukarya evolved after Archaea diverged from Bacteria
D. Archaea and Eukarya evolved simultaneously from Monera
Answer: C
Which group of Archaea plays a significant role in sewage treatment by producing methane?
A. Thermococci
B. Halobacteria
C. Methanogens
D. Thaumarchaeota
Answer: C
Which of the following structures is absent in both Bacteria and Archaea but present in Eukarya?
A. Circular DNA
B. Ribosomes
C. Membrane-bound nucleus
D. Cell wall
Answer: C
Which domain's members include organisms capable of performing methanogenesis?
A. Bacteria
B. Eukarya
C. Protista
D. Archaea
Answer: D
Which characteristic is exclusive to bacterial cell walls but absent in Archaea and Eukarya?
A. Cellulose
B. Chitin
C. Peptidoglycan
D. Pseudopeptidoglycan
Answer: C
Which type of linkage is found in the membrane lipids of Archaea?
A. Ester linkage
B. Phosphodiester linkage
C. Ether linkage
D. Glycosidic linkage
Answer: C
Which eukaryotic organelle supports the endosymbiotic theory of evolution from prokaryotes?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Mitochondria
C. Lysosomes
D. Ribosomes
Answer: B
Which taxonomic rank directly follows ‘order’ in the taxonomic hierarchy?
A. Genus
B. Family
C. Class
D. Species
Answer: B
Which of the following Protists is incorrectly matched with its disease?
A. Plasmodium – Malaria
B. Entamoeba histolytica – Amoebic dysentery
C. Trypanosoma – Sleeping sickness
D. Paramecium – Tuberculosis
Answer: D

Section 2: Fungi, Plants, and Bacteria

What is the main component of fungal cell walls?
A. Peptidoglycan
B. Cellulose
C. Chitin
D. Lignin
Answer: C
Which kingdom includes organisms that lack multicellular sex organs and can be filamentous or colonial?
A. Fungi
B. Protista
C. Plantae
D. Animalia
Answer: B
Which group of fungi includes yeasts and the fungus used to make bread molds?
A. Basidiomycota
B. Zygomycota
C. Ascomycota
D. Myxomycota
Answer: C
Which of the following plant groups lacks vascular tissues?
A. Angiosperms
B. Gymnosperms
C. Ferns
D. Bryophytes
Answer: D
Which of these bacterial structures is involved in the exchange of genetic material?
A. Flagella
B. Plasmids
C. Ribosomes
D. Endospores
Answer: B

Section 3: Animal Kingdom Basics

Which of the following correctly describes the digestion system of cnidarians?
A. Complete with mouth and anus
B. No digestive cavity
C. Sac-like with a single opening
D. Intracellular only
Answer: C
Which of these phyla includes radially symmetrical, diploblastic animals with stinging cells?
A. Platyhelminthes
B. Cnidaria
C. Porifera
D. Annelida
Answer: B
Which phylum contains asymmetrical animals with no tissue-level organization?
A. Cnidaria
B. Mollusca
C. Porifera
D. Echinodermata
Answer: C
Which of the following statements is true about bacteria but not archaea?
A. They have branched lipid chains
B. They lack peptidoglycan
C. They contain ester-linked membrane lipids
D. They have genes similar to eukaryotes
Answer: C
Which eukaryotic kingdom includes heterotrophic organisms that digest food externally and absorb nutrients?
A. Protista
B. Fungi
C. Animalia
D. Plantae
Answer: B

Section 4: Animal Kingdom – Advanced

Which of the following phyla lacks a true coelom but possesses a pseudocoelom?
A. Annelida
B. Mollusca
C. Arthropoda
D. Nematoda
✅ Answer: D
Which phylum has a calcareous shell secreted by the mantle?
A. Annelida
B. Mollusca ✅
C. Arthropoda
D. Echinodermata
Which structure in arthropods is homologous to the nephridia in annelids?
A. Spiracle
B. Trachea
C. Malpighian tubules ✅
D. Green gland
Which feature is common in both echinoderms and chordates but not found in arthropods?
A. Open circulatory system
B. Water-vascular system
C. Deuterostome development ✅
D. Exoskeleton
Which of the following has metameric segmentation?
A. Mollusca
B. Annelida ✅
C. Nematoda
D. Echinodermata
Which of the following statements about Nematoda is INCORRECT?
A. They are triploblastic
B. They have segmented bodies ✅
C. They possess a pseudocoelom
D. They are unisexual
In Mollusca, which part is responsible for secreting the shell?
A. Foot
B. Mantle ✅
C. Radula
D. Visceral mass
Which phylum shows radial symmetry in adult form but bilateral in larval form?
A. Arthropoda
B. Mollusca
C. Echinodermata ✅
D. Chordata
Which class of vertebrates is the first to have a neck?
A. Amphibia ✅
B. Reptilia
C. Aves
D. Osteichthyes
Which of the following correctly matches the class with its key respiratory structure?
A. Insecta – Gills
B. Amphibia – Trachea
C. Chondrichthyes – Spiracles ✅
D. Aves – Nephridia
Which structure in Echinodermata is responsible for locomotion?
A. Mantle cavity
B. Setae
C. Tube feet ✅
D. Antennae
Which vertebrate class has a muscular diaphragm for respiration?
A. Aves
B. Amphibia
C. Mammalia ✅
D. Reptilia
Which feature is unique to phylum Chordata during embryonic development?
A. Water vascular system
B. Radial symmetry
C. Post-anal tail ✅
D. Jointed appendages
What distinguishes bony fishes (Osteichthyes) from cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes)?
A. Presence of ventral nerve cord
B. External fertilization
C. Possession of placoid scales
D. Presence of operculum ✅
Which of the following is a deuterostome coelomate phylum?
A. Mollusca
B. Arthropoda
C. Annelida
D. Echinodermata ✅
Which of the following has an open circulatory system and haemolymph instead of blood?
A. Annelida
B. Arthropoda ✅
C. Chordata
D. Nematoda
Which of these structures is a respiratory organ in aquatic arthropods?
A. Spiracles
B. Trachea
C. Gills ✅
D. Lungs
What type of skeleton is found in echinoderms?
A. Exoskeleton of chitin
B. Endoskeleton of cartilage
C. Calcareous endoskeleton ✅
D. Bony endoskeleton
Which of the following is true for mammals only and not any other vertebrate group?
A. Endothermy
B. Presence of lungs
C. Hair and mammary glands ✅
D. Internal fertilization
Which group of chordates retains the notochord throughout life but lacks a vertebral column?
A. Cyclostomata
B. Cephalochordata ✅
C. Urochordata
D. Ampibians
Which of the following is NOT a placental mammal?

A. Dolphin
B. Bat
C. Platypus
D. Human
Answer: C. Platypus

42.

The placenta in placental mammals functions primarily to:

A. Control body temperature
B. Nourish the mother
C. Nourish the fetus and remove waste
D. Allow oxygen exchange with the environment
Answer: C. Nourish the fetus and remove waste

Viruses & Acellular Agents

43. Viruses are not classified as living organisms because they:

A. Contain RNA only
B. Lack a nucleus
C. Are acellular and lack metabolism
D. Are too small to be considered life
Answer: C. Are acellular and lack metabolism

44. Which of the following is composed only of protein?

A. Virus
B. Prion
C. Viroid
D. Bacteriophage
Answer: B. Prion

45. Viroids are composed of:

A. DNA and protein
B. Circular RNA only
C. Linear RNA and lipids
D. Protein only
Answer: B. Circular RNA only

46. Which of the following viruses infect bacteria?

A. Rabies virus
B. T4 phage
C. Potato virus X
D. Herpesvirus
Answer: B. T4 phage

47. An example of a helical virus is:

A. Herpesvirus
B. Adenovirus
C. Rabies virus
D. HIV
Answer: C. Rabies virus

48. Which virus is enveloped?

A. Poliovirus
B. Influenza virus
C. Adenovirus
D. Rotavirus
Answer: B. Influenza virus

49. Which of the following is a double-stranded DNA virus?

A. Parvovirus
B. Herpesvirus
C. Coronavirus
D. Rotavirus
Answer: B. Herpesvirus

50. RNA viruses that require reverse transcription include:

A. Adenovirus
B. Rotavirus
C. HIV
D. Rabies virus
Answer: C. HIV

51. Which virus class uses host ribosomes to directly translate RNA?

A. Negative-sense RNA viruses
B. Retroviruses
C. Positive-sense RNA viruses
D. DNA viruses
Answer: C. Positive-sense RNA viruses

Biodiversity and Ecology

52. Biodiversity includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Species diversity
B. Climate variation
C. Genetic diversity
D. Ecosystem diversity
Answer: B. Climate variation

53. A niche refers to:

A. Physical structure of an ecosystem
B. Role or function of a species in an ecosystem
C. Total number of organisms in an ecosystem
D. Abiotic components of an environment
Answer: B. Role or function of a species in an ecosystem

54. Random sampling in biodiversity studies is important because it:

A. Guarantees maximum species discovery
B. Minimizes observer bias
C. Is faster than other methods
D. Only works for plant species
Answer: B. Minimizes observer bias

55. Which method is best for assessing distribution across gradients (e.g., shore to sea)?

A. Quadrat sampling
B. Point count
C. Transect sampling
D. Aerial survey
Answer: C. Transect sampling

56. The mark-recapture method is primarily used for:

A. Plants
B. Sessile organisms
C. Mobile animals
D. Microorganisms
Answer: C. Mobile animals

57. Which of the following best defines a species?

A. A group of organisms with similar appearance
B. Organisms that live in the same area
C. A group that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
D. Any group with a shared gene pool
Answer: C. A group that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

58. Allopatric speciation occurs due to:

A. Gene duplication
B. Chromosome doubling
C. Geographic separation
D. Behavioral isolation
Answer: C. Geographic separation

59. Which speciation occurs without geographical separation?

A. Allopatric
B. Peripatric
C. Sympatric
D. Parapatric
Answer: C. Sympatric

60. An example of parapatric speciation involves:

A. Physical barriers like rivers
B. Polyploidy in plants
C. Gradual environmental gradients
D. Founder effect on islands
Answer: C. Gradual environmental gradients

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