Mcqs and short questions || Class 11 biology Punjab board solved exercise

 SECTION 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Which domain of life is characterized by organisms that often inhabit extreme environments and have cell membranes with ether-linked lipids?

(a) Bacteria

(b) Archaea

(c) Eukarya

(d) Protista

Answer: (b) Archaea

2. What is a key difference between the domains Bacteria and Archaea?

(a) Bacteria have membrane-bound organelles, while Archaea do not.

(b) Bacterial cell walls have peptidoglycan, while Archaeal cell walls do not have it.

(c) Archaea are only found in extreme environments, while Bacteria are not.

(d) Bacteria are all unicellular, while Archaea include multicellular organisms.

Answer: (b) Bacterial cell walls have peptidoglycan, while Archaeal cell walls do not have it.

3. Which of the following kingdoms includes organisms that are mostly unicellular, eukaryotic, and can be autotrophic or heterotrophic?

(a) Fungi

(b) Animalia

(c) Plantae

(d) Protoctista

Answer: (d) Protoctista

4. In which kingdom are organisms predominantly multicellular, autotrophic, and have cell walls made of cellulose?

(a) Animalia

(b) Fungi

(c) Plantae

(d) Protoctista

Answer: (c) Plantae

5. Which of the following criteria is commonly used to classify viruses?

(a) Their ability to cause specific diseases

(b) The type of nucleic acid they contain

(c) The colour of the virus particles

(d) Their mode of transmission

Answer: (b) The type of nucleic acid they contain

6. Which virus group includes viruses such as Coronaviruses and influenza viruses?

(a) Double-stranded DNA viruses

(b) Single-stranded DNA viruses

(c) Double-stranded RNA viruses

(d) Single-stranded RNA viruses

Answer: (d) Single-stranded RNA viruses

7. At which level of biodiversity assessment do we evaluate the variety of different species within a particular habitat or ecosystem?

(a) Genetic diversity

(b) Ecosystem diversity

(c) Species diversity

(d) Functional diversity

Answer: (c) Species diversity

8. Which method is best suited for assessing the distribution of species across a gradient of environmental conditions within a single geographical area?

(a) Quadrat Sampling

(b) Point Counts

(c) Transect Sampling

(d) Remote Sensing

Answer: (c) Transect Sampling

9. Which of the following statements is true regarding the concept of a species?

(a) A species is always defined by its physical characteristics alone.

(b) Different species can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

(c) Members of the same species are reproductively isolated from members of other species.

(d) The concept of a species can be defined solely based on genetic similarity.

Answer: (c) Members of the same species are reproductively isolated from members of other species.

10. What type of speciation occurs when populations are geographically separated by a physical barrier?

(a) Sympatric Speciation

(b) Parapatric Speciation

(c) Allopatric Speciation

(d) Peripatric Speciation

Answer: (c) Allopatric Speciation

SECTION 2: SHORT QUESTIONS

1. What are the three domains of life and how do they differ in terms of cellular structure?

Ans :The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.*

- Archaea: Prokaryotic cells with ether-linked lipids in cell membranes.

- Bacteria: Prokaryotic cells with ester-linked lipids and peptidoglycan cell walls.

- Eukarya: Eukaryotic cells with membrane-bound organelles.

2. Describe one key feature that differentiates Archaea from Bacteria.

Ans: Archaea lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls, whereas Bacteria have peptidoglycan.

3. Which kingdom is characterized by organisms with chitin in their cell walls and that are mostly decomposers?

Ans : The kingdom Fungi have cell wall made of chitin and mostly they are decomposers.

4. What type of speciation occurs when populations are geographically separated?

Ans: Allopatric speciation is the type of speciation that occurs when populations are geographically separated.

5. What is the role of genetic drift in the process of speciation?

Ans: Genetic drift contributes to random changes in allele frequencies, leading to genetic divergence and potential speciation.

6. What is the primary method used to assess species distribution along an environmental gradient?

Ans: Transect sampling is the primary method used to assess species distribution along an environmental gradient.

7. Which level of biodiversity assessment involves evaluating the variety of ecosystems in a region?

Ans :Ecosystem diversity.

This level of biodiversity assessment involves evaluating the variety of:

Ecosystems in a region 

Including different habitats, communities, and ecological processes.