Nephron structure and function

Structure & Function of Nephron – Interactive MCQs

1. Juxtamedullary nephrons are characterized by:

• A. Absence of loop of Henle
• B. Long loop of Henle extending deep into medulla
• C. Presence only in cortex
• D. Short efferent arteriole

2. Malpighian body consists of:

• A. PCT and DCT
• B. Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
• C. Loop of Henle and vasa recta
• D. Collecting duct and glomerulus

3. High hydrostatic pressure in glomerulus is due to:

• A. Thin basement membrane
• B. Difference in diameter of afferent and efferent arterioles
• C. Presence of podocytes
• D. Long loop of Henle

4. Diameter of pores in glomerular capillaries is about:

• A. 7 nm
• B. 70 nm
• C. 700 nm
• D. 17 nm

5. Podocytes mainly prevent passage of:

• A. Glucose
• B. Plasma proteins
• C. Water
• D. Urea

6. Brush border (microvilli) is present in:

• A. DCT
• B. PCT
• C. Collecting duct
• D. Ascending limb

7. Maximum reabsorption of glucose occurs in:

• A. Loop of Henle
• B. PCT
• C. DCT
• D. Collecting duct

8. Descending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to:

• A. Water
• B. Sodium
• C. Potassium
• D. Chloride

9. Ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to:

• A. Water
• B. Sodium
• C. Potassium
• D. Chloride

10. Na⁺-K⁺-2Cl⁻ co-transporter is present in:

• A. PCT
• B. Ascending limb of loop of Henle
• C. Descending limb
• D. Collecting duct

11. Aldosterone mainly facilitates reabsorption of:

• A. Water
• B. Sodium
• C. Urea
• D. Glucose

12. ADH increases reabsorption of:

• A. Water
• B. Sodium
• C. Potassium
• D. Creatinine

13. Vasa recta is mainly involved in:

• A. Ultrafiltration
• B. Maintaining medullary osmotic gradient
• C. Glucose reabsorption
• D. Hormone secretion

14. Counter-current multiplier operates in:

• A. Loop of Henle
• B. DCT
• C. Bowman's capsule
• D. Renal artery

15. Counter-current exchange occurs in:

• A. Loop of Henle
• B. Vasa recta
• C. PCT
• D. DCT

16. Tubular secretion helps in regulation of:

• A. pH of urine
• B. Blood glucose
• C. Blood proteins
• D. GFR

17. Potassium secretion mainly occurs in:

• A. PCT
• B. DCT and collecting duct
• C. Bowman's capsule
• D. Descending limb

18. Urea contributes to:

• A. Filtration pressure
• B. Medullary osmotic gradient
• C. Protein synthesis
• D. Sodium transport

19. Normal urine output per day is about:

• A. 180 L
• B. 2.5 L
• C. 10 L
• D. 50 L

20. GFR is directly proportional to:

• A. ADH level
• B. Hydrostatic pressure
• C. Plasma protein level
• D. Aldosterone

21. Urinary pole is the site where:

• A. Renal tubule begins
• B. Blood enters glomerulus
• C. Blood exits glomerulus
• D. Filtration ends

22. Vascular pole contains:

• A. DCT
• B. Afferent and efferent arterioles
• C. Loop of Henle
• D. Collecting duct

23. Peritubular capillaries mainly supply:

• A. Oxygen and nutrients to cortex
• B. Hormones to medulla
• C. Blood to glomerulus
• D. Filtrate to tubules

24. Macula densa is part of:

• A. PCT
• B. DCT
• C. Collecting duct
• D. Loop of Henle

25. Water reabsorption in PCT is:

• A. Passive
• B. Active
• C. Hormone-independent only
• D. Negligible

26. Sodium reabsorption in PCT is:

• A. Active
• B. Passive
• C. Osmotic
• D. Diffusion-free

27. Blood flow in vasa recta is slow to:

• A. Increase filtration
• B. Allow passive diffusion
• C. Prevent reabsorption
• D. Raise blood pressure

28. Nephron mainly responsible for concentrated urine:

• A. Juxtamedullary nephron
• B. Cortical nephron
• C. Degenerated nephron
• D. Fused nephron

29. Collecting duct opens into:

• A. Renal artery
• B. Renal pelvis
• C. Renal vein
• D. Bowman's capsule

30. Ultrafiltration occurs due to:

• A. Active transport
• B. Hydrostatic pressure of blood
• C. ADH
• D. Counter-current exchange